Retirement Timing Test

When you retire matters.

Enter a retirement balance and a planned annual withdrawal. This test shows how the same withdrawal plan can look very different depending on when a hard market arrives.

1

Set your illustration inputs

For people approaching or in retirement who want to see why the order of returns can matter once withdrawals begin. Figures are hypothetical — not a projection of any individual’s results. Withdrawals are taken at the beginning of each year, before that year’s return is applied.

Same starting balance for both paths.

Same first-year withdrawal for both paths.

Adjust withdrawals each year for inflation?

When on, withdrawals grow 3% per year — closer to how a real income stream behaves.

Part I

Two retirees. Two decades.

Same balance. Same withdrawal. Different historical decade. One person retires in January 2000 and lives S&P 500 total returns from 2000–2009. The other retires in January 2013 and lives 2013–2022. Index returns are unmanaged, do not reflect fees or taxes, and cannot be invested in directly.

Retired 2000Retired 2013

Swipe sideways to see all 10 years.

Retired January 2000

A decade that opened with a crash

$382,440
Balance at the end of 2009
Average annual return1.2%
Compounded annual return-1.0%
Worst single-year return-37.0%
Total withdrawn$500,000
Retired January 2013

A decade that closed with one

$2,351,510
Balance at the end of 2022
Average annual return13.7%
Compounded annual return12.6%
Worst single-year return-18.1%
Total withdrawn$500,000
Illustrated difference
$1,969,070

The 2013 retiree finishes ahead after 10 years — same starting balance, same withdrawal, same index, different decade.

Year-by-year tables

Swipe sideways to see every column.

Retired January 2000 year-by-year
YearReturnWithdrawalBalance
2000-9.1%$50,000$863,550
2001-11.9%$50,000$716,819
2002-22.1%$50,000$519,452
200328.7%$50,000$604,091
200410.9%$50,000$614,376
20054.9%$50,000$592,087
200615.8%$50,000$627,682
20075.5%$50,000$609,397
2008-37.0%$50,000$352,420
200926.5%$50,000$382,440
Retired January 2013 year-by-year
YearReturnWithdrawalBalance
201332.4%$50,000$1,257,705
201413.7%$50,000$1,373,040
20151.4%$50,000$1,341,298
201612.0%$50,000$1,445,737
201721.8%$50,000$1,700,426
2018-4.4%$50,000$1,578,138
201931.5%$50,000$2,009,348
202018.4%$50,000$2,319,868
202128.7%$50,000$2,921,548
2022-18.1%$50,000$2,351,510
Part II

Same returns. Same average. Different outcome.

Those decades had different returns, so a fair question is whether that was really sequence risk or just the luck of which decade someone retired into. Here is a controlled example: the same 10 returns, a 7.0% arithmetic mean, played two ways.

Downturn firstDownturn later

Swipe sideways to see all 10 years.

Downturn first

The same 10 returns, hard years at the start

$681,720
Ending balance after 10 years
Average annual return7.0%
Compounded annual return5.8%
Worst single-year return-20.0%
Total withdrawn$500,000
Downturn later

The same 10 returns, hard years at the end

$1,288,218
Ending balance after 10 years
Average annual return7.0%
Compounded annual return5.8%
Worst single-year return-20.0%
Total withdrawn$500,000
Sequence difference
$606,497

Same 10 returns. Same 7.0% average. The gap is order alone.

Year-by-year tables

Swipe sideways to see every column.

Downturn first year-by-year
YearReturnWithdrawalBalance
Year 1-20.0%$50,000$760,000
Year 2-12.0%$50,000$624,800
Year 3-8.0%$50,000$528,816
Year 40.0%$50,000$478,816
Year 58.0%$50,000$463,121
Year 612.0%$50,000$462,696
Year 715.0%$50,000$474,600
Year 820.0%$50,000$509,520
Year 925.0%$50,000$574,400
Year 1030.0%$50,000$681,720
Downturn later year-by-year
YearReturnWithdrawalBalance
Year 130.0%$50,000$1,235,000
Year 225.0%$50,000$1,481,250
Year 320.0%$50,000$1,717,500
Year 415.0%$50,000$1,917,625
Year 512.0%$50,000$2,091,740
Year 68.0%$50,000$2,205,079
Year 70.0%$50,000$2,155,079
Year 8-8.0%$50,000$1,936,673
Year 9-12.0%$50,000$1,660,272
Year 10-20.0%$50,000$1,288,218

Why a drop in retirement is different.

While you are still working and adding money, time can repair a down market. In retirement, withdrawals lock the loss in. A hard market at the start sells shares at the worst prices and leaves fewer of them for the recovery. A hard market at the end of a long run lands on a portfolio that has already grown — same percentage, much smaller share of the journey.

You cannot control the market. You can control the structure your plan brings to it — including an income floor that does not depend entirely on selling shares in a down year.

Hypothetical illustration. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Part I uses S&P 500 calendar-year total returns for 2000–2009 and 2013–2022. Part II uses a constructed 10-year return set shown in two orders to isolate sequence-of-returns risk. Both sections are educational, with no fees, taxes, or investment product represented. Withdrawals are held flat or grown 3% per year, depending on your selection. This is not personalized advice, a recommendation, or a projection. Use of this calculator does not create an advisory relationship.

Build the structure

This test shows the risk. A review builds the plan.

We'll walk through your balance, your withdrawal plan, and the income structure underneath — so a bad market does not automatically force bad withdrawals.

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